1763 in science

	… 1753; 1754; 1755; 1756; 1757; 1758; 1759; ; 1760; 1761; 1762; 1763; 1764; 1765; 1766; ; 1767; 1768; 1769; 1770; 1771; 1772; 1773 …;
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The following events in the fields of science and technology occurred in the year 1763.

Astronomy

Publication posthumously of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille's Coelum australe stelliferum, cataloguing all his data from the southern hemisphere and including about 10,000 stars and a number of brighter star clusters and nebulae.
Publication of Edward Stone's The whole doctrine of parallaxes explained and illustrated by an arithmetical and geometrical construction of the transit of Venus over the sun, June 6th, 1761. Enriched with a new and general method of determining the places where any transit of this planet, and especially that which will be June 3d, 1769, may be best observed.

December 23 – Thomas Bayes' solution to a problem of "inverse probability" is presented posthumously in his "Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances" read by Richard Price to the Royal Society,^[1]^[2] containing a statement of a special case of Bayes' theorem.^[3]
Euler's totient function is first published.^[4]

Edward Stone publishes his discovery of the medicinal properties of salicylic acid.^[5]

^ "A Letter from the Late Reverend Mr. Thomas Bayes, F.R.S. to John Canton, M.A. and F.R.S." (PDF). 1763-11-24. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
^ Bayes, Thomas (1764). "An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances. By the late Rev. Mr. Bayes, communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 53. London: 370–418. doi:10.1098/rstl.1763.0053. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-10. Retrieved 2011-10-15. Read December 23, 1763.
^ McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). The Theory That Would Not Die. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0.
^ Euler, L. (1763). "Theoremata arithmetica nova methodo demonstrata". Novi commentarii academiae scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae. 8. Saint-Petersburg: 74–104.
^ "An Account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues. In a Letter to the Right Honourable George Earl of Macclesfield, President of R.S. from the Rev. Mr. Edmund [sic.] Stone, of Chipping-Norton in Oxfordshire". Philosophical Transactions. 53. London: Royal Society. 1763.
^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.